{"id":399,"date":"2022-04-03T20:38:31","date_gmt":"2022-04-04T04:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/?post_type=tutorials&#038;p=399"},"modified":"2023-03-06T18:44:57","modified_gmt":"2023-03-07T02:44:57","slug":"antibody-primer","status":"publish","type":"tutorials","link":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/tutorials\/antibody-primer\/","title":{"rendered":"Antibody Basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#34a0a4;font-size:clamp(18.959px, 1.185rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.15), 30px);text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Introduction<\/strong> <\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Antibodies are essential tools in biology and biomedical research, with a wide range of applications across different fields. These specialized proteins are produced by the immune system in response to the presence of foreign molecules, such as viruses, bacteria, or cancer cells. Once produced, antibodies can specifically bind to their target molecules, allowing researchers to detect, isolate, or even neutralize them. Antibodies have revolutionized many areas of biology, from basic research to drug discovery and clinical diagnostics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this tutorial, we will explore the basics of how antibodies are used and how they work. We will discuss the structure and function of antibodies and how they can be used in different experimental settings. Let's dive in!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#34a0a4;font-size:clamp(18.959px, 1.185rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.15), 30px);text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Video Overview<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed wp-block-embed-youtube is-type-video is-provider-youtube epyt-figure\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><div class=\"epyt-video-wrapper\"><div  style=\"display: block; margin: 0px auto;\"  id=\"_ytid_33067\"  width=\"800\" height=\"450\"  data-origwidth=\"800\" data-origheight=\"450\"  data-relstop=\"1\" data-facadesrc=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sKGu_DLwBbo?enablejsapi=1&autoplay=0&cc_load_policy=0&cc_lang_pref=&iv_load_policy=1&loop=0&modestbranding=0&rel=0&fs=1&playsinline=0&autohide=2&theme=dark&color=white&controls=1&\" class=\"__youtube_prefs__ epyt-facade no-lazyload\" data-epautoplay=\"1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" data-spai-excluded=\"true\" class=\"epyt-facade-poster skip-lazy\" loading=\"lazy\"  alt=\"YouTube player\"  src=\"https:\/\/i.ytimg.com\/vi\/sKGu_DLwBbo\/maxresdefault.jpg\"  \/><button class=\"epyt-facade-play\" aria-label=\"Play\"><svg data-no-lazy=\"1\" height=\"100%\" version=\"1.1\" viewBox=\"0 0 68 48\" width=\"100%\"><path class=\"ytp-large-play-button-bg\" d=\"M66.52,7.74c-0.78-2.93-2.49-5.41-5.42-6.19C55.79,.13,34,0,34,0S12.21,.13,6.9,1.55 C3.97,2.33,2.27,4.81,1.48,7.74C0.06,13.05,0,24,0,24s0.06,10.95,1.48,16.26c0.78,2.93,2.49,5.41,5.42,6.19 C12.21,47.87,34,48,34,48s21.79-0.13,27.1-1.55c2.93-0.78,4.64-3.26,5.42-6.19C67.94,34.95,68,24,68,24S67.94,13.05,66.52,7.74z\" fill=\"#f00\"><\/path><path d=\"M 45,24 27,14 27,34\" fill=\"#fff\"><\/path><\/svg><\/button><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#34a0a4;font-size:clamp(18.959px, 1.185rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.15), 30px);\"><strong>Applications<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Antibodies have numerous applications. The video above describes the general principles of using antibodies for any of the relevant applications. Below are some of the things they can be used for. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol>\n<li>Immunodetection: Antibodies can be used to detect the presence of specific molecules in biological samples, such as proteins, DNA, or RNA. This technique, known as immunodetection, is widely used in research and clinical diagnostics, and can help identify biomarkers of disease or monitor the expression of genes or proteins in different tissues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Immunoprecipitation: Antibodies can also be used to isolate specific molecules from complex biological mixtures, such as cell lysates or serum. This technique, known as immunoprecipitation, allows researchers to study protein-protein interactions, identify novel protein complexes, or isolate specific proteins for further analysis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flow cytometry: Antibodies can be conjugated to fluorescent dyes and used in flow cytometry, a technique that allows researchers to analyze and sort cells based on their surface markers. This approach is widely used in immunology and cancer research, and can help identify specific cell populations or characterize the immune response to different stimuli.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therapeutic applications: Antibodies can be used as therapeutics to treat a wide range of diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. Monoclonal antibodies, which are produced from a single clone of immune cells, are particularly useful in this context, as they can be designed to specifically target disease-causing molecules while minimizing side effects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antibody engineering: Advances in antibody engineering have enabled the development of novel antibody-based therapeutics with improved properties, such as increased specificity, affinity, or half-life. These engineered antibodies, also known as biologics, have revolutionized the field of drug development and have led to the development of several blockbuster drugs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, antibodies have become essential tools in biomedical research, with a wide range of applications across different fields. Their specificity, versatility, and ability to bind to specific molecules make them invaluable for studying biological processes, developing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and advancing our understanding of human health and disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding the principles described in the video will allow you to easily use antibodies across a range of applications, including western blotting, immunostaining, flow cytometry, live cell imaging, and much more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#34a0a4;font-size:clamp(18.959px, 1.185rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.15), 30px);text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Related<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:25px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"_dynamic_list-2-532\" class=\"oxy-dynamic-list\"><div id=\"div_block-3-532-1\" class=\"ct-div-block \" data-id=\"div_block-3-532\"><a id=\"link-4-532-1\" class=\"ct-link tutorial-card\" href=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/tutorials\/electronic-notebooks\/\" target=\"_self\" data-id=\"link-4-532\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image-5-532-1\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Course-Video-Covers-2-768x432.png\" class=\"ct-image tutorial-image\" data-id=\"image-5-532\"><h5 id=\"headline-6-532-1\" class=\"ct-headline tutorial-title\" data-id=\"headline-6-532\"><span id=\"span-7-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >ELN Options<\/span><\/h5><h6 id=\"headline-8-532-1\" class=\"ct-headline\" data-id=\"headline-8-532\"><span id=\"span-9-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >lab-skills<\/span><\/h6><div id=\"div_block-10-532-1\" class=\"ct-div-block tutorial-overlay tutorial-fade\" data-id=\"div_block-10-532\"><div id=\"div_block-11-532-1\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-11-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-12-532-1\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-12-532\"><svg 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data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-20-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-cart\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-21-532-1\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-21-532\"><span id=\"span-22-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >free<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><div id=\"div_block-3-532-2\" class=\"ct-div-block \" data-id=\"div_block-3-532\"><a id=\"link-4-532-2\" class=\"ct-link tutorial-card\" href=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/tutorials\/figure-graphics\/\" target=\"_self\" data-id=\"link-4-532\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image-5-532-2\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Course-Covers-3-768x432.png\" class=\"ct-image tutorial-image\" data-id=\"image-5-532\"><h5 id=\"headline-6-532-2\" class=\"ct-headline tutorial-title\" data-id=\"headline-6-532\"><span id=\"span-7-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >Figure Graphics<\/span><\/h5><h6 id=\"headline-8-532-2\" class=\"ct-headline\" data-id=\"headline-8-532\"><span id=\"span-9-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >lab-skills<\/span><\/h6><div id=\"div_block-10-532-2\" class=\"ct-div-block tutorial-overlay tutorial-fade\" data-id=\"div_block-10-532\"><div id=\"div_block-11-532-2\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-11-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-12-532-2\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-12-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-12-532-2\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-12-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-graduation-hat\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-13-532-2\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-13-532\"><span id=\"span-14-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >advanced<\/span><\/div><\/div><div id=\"div_block-15-532-2\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-15-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-16-532-2\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-16-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-16-532-2\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-16-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-tag\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-17-532-2\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-17-532\"><span id=\"span-18-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >toolbox<\/span><\/div><\/div><div id=\"div_block-19-532-2\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-19-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-20-532-2\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-20-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-20-532-2\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-20-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-cart\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-21-532-2\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-21-532\"><span id=\"span-22-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >free<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div><div id=\"div_block-3-532-3\" class=\"ct-div-block \" data-id=\"div_block-3-532\"><a id=\"link-4-532-3\" class=\"ct-link tutorial-card\" href=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/tutorials\/solutions-dilutions\/\" target=\"_self\" data-id=\"link-4-532\"><img decoding=\"async\" id=\"image-5-532-3\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Course-Video-Covers-3-768x432.png\" class=\"ct-image tutorial-image\" data-id=\"image-5-532\"><h5 id=\"headline-6-532-3\" class=\"ct-headline tutorial-title\" data-id=\"headline-6-532\"><span id=\"span-7-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >Solutions<\/span><\/h5><h6 id=\"headline-8-532-3\" class=\"ct-headline\" data-id=\"headline-8-532\"><span id=\"span-9-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >lab-skills<\/span><\/h6><div id=\"div_block-10-532-3\" class=\"ct-div-block tutorial-overlay tutorial-fade\" data-id=\"div_block-10-532\"><div id=\"div_block-11-532-3\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-11-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-12-532-3\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-12-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-12-532-3\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-12-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-graduation-hat\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-13-532-3\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-13-532\"><span id=\"span-14-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >beginner<\/span><\/div><\/div><div id=\"div_block-15-532-3\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-15-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-16-532-3\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-16-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-16-532-3\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-16-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-tag\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-17-532-3\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-17-532\"><span id=\"span-18-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >guide<\/span><\/div><\/div><div id=\"div_block-19-532-3\" class=\"ct-div-block\" data-id=\"div_block-19-532\"><div id=\"fancy_icon-20-532-3\" class=\"ct-fancy-icon \" data-id=\"fancy_icon-20-532\"><svg id=\"svg-fancy_icon-20-532-3\" data-id=\"svg-fancy_icon-20-532\"><use xlink:href=\"#Lineariconsicon-cart\"><\/use><\/svg><\/div><div id=\"text_block-21-532-3\" class=\"ct-text-block\" data-id=\"text_block-21-532\"><span id=\"span-22-532\" class=\"ct-span\" >free<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/a><\/div>                    \n                                            \n                                        \n                    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left has-text-color wp-block-heading\" style=\"color:#34a0a4;font-size:clamp(18.959px, 1.185rem + ((1vw - 3.2px) * 1.15), 30px);text-transform:uppercase\"><strong>Discussion<\/strong><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[30],"tutorial_type":[13],"level":[5],"price":[33],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tutorials\/399"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tutorials"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/tutorials"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=399"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=399"},{"taxonomy":"tutorial_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tutorial_type?post=399"},{"taxonomy":"level","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/level?post=399"},{"taxonomy":"price","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/benchbytes.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/price?post=399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}